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How to upload an image using Expo Camera to Cloudinary

Published:

11 min read

Originally Published at Jscrambler’s Blog.

The camera feature in a mobile device allows it to capture pictures and record videos, making it very helpful in many circumstances. By using the expo-camera library the process of adding that camera feature to an application becomes seamless, which is why in this tutorial, we’ll take a look at how to use Expo Camera to take a picture and then upload that same picture to a real-time cloud service Cloudinary.

Prerequisites

To follow this tutorial, please make sure you are familiarized with JavaScript/ES6 and meet the following requirements in your local dev environment:

The source code is available at this Github repository.

Create an Expo app

Start by creating a new Expo app and then install the dependency expo-camera. Execute the following commands in a terminal window:

npx create-expo-app project-name

# select the blank template

cd project-name

npx expo install expo-camera

Create a custom camera component

The expo-camera library provides a React component that allows snapping pictures using a device’s front or back camera. It exposes properties like zoom, autofocus, preview image after snapping, white balance, face detection, barcode scanning, and flash mode.

For this demo, let’s create a component that when rendered renders the <Camera> component initially.

Start by adding the following import statements in the App.js file.

import React, { useState, useRef, useEffect } from 'react';
import {
  StyleSheet,
  Dimensions,
  View,
  Text,
  TouchableOpacity
} from 'react-native';
import { Camera } from 'expo-camera';
import { AntDesign, MaterialIcons } from '@expo/vector-icons';

The @expo/vector-icons is another package bundled with Expo SDK and allows the use of various icons from different icon sets. You can find the references to these icons at icons.expo.fyi.

The Dimensions from React Native is used to get the application’s windows width and height.

const WINDOW_HEIGHT = Dimensions.get('window').height;
const CAPTURE_SIZE = Math.floor(WINDOW_HEIGHT * 0.08);

The expo-camera library exposes an API of methods. To invoke any of these methods, define a reference to the useRef React hook.

Add the following code snippet just after defining the App. Make sure to add a ref prop to the Camera component whose value is cameraRef.

return (
  <View style={styles.container}>
    <Camera ref={cameraRef} style={styles.container} />
  </View>
);

Why use absoluteFillObject to position View component

The absoluteFillObject automatically sets a View component to be full screen and absolutely positioned. It also allows overriding the values such as top. For example, you may want to absolute position the View component with an offset like top: 30 to display it below the status bar.

Add the corresponding styles to the App component.

const styles = StyleSheet.create({
  container: {
    ...StyleSheet.absoluteFillObject
  },
  text: {
    color: '#fff'
  }
});

How to check for camera permissions

To use a device’s camera, the application needs to ask a user to utilize the hardware functionality. This is done by asking the user to grant permission for camera access, and naturally, if the request gets denied, the application won’t be able to use it.

Add the following code snippet in App component:

export default function App() {
  const cameraRef = useRef();
  const [hasPermission, setHasPermission] = useState(null);

  useEffect(() => {
    onHandlePermission();
  }, []);

  const onHandlePermission = async () => {
    const { status } = await Camera.requestPermissionsAsync();
    setHasPermission(status === 'granted');
  };

  if (hasPermission === null) {
    return <View />;
  }
  if (hasPermission === false) {
    return <Text style={styles.text}>No access to camera</Text>;
  }

  // ...
}

In the above code snippet, the two if statements are used either when:

Here is how asking for permissions are prompted on an Android device:

ss1

After the permission is granted, the Camera is now accessible on the device:

ss2

Switching between Camera types

To switch between different types of cameras on a device, let’s add a custom method. The Camera component has a prop called type and by using it, the type of camera currently in use on the device can be determined.

Start by defining a state variable called cameraType to track the camera’s current type. Give it a default value of type back. It determines that the default camera mode type is going to be back. The camera type is accessible from Camera.Constants.Type.back.

Define another state variable called isPreview. It will determine whether the app is in camera mode or image preview mode. It is going to have a default value of boolean false.

Add a method called switchCamera in the App component. Then, check if it is in the preview mode. If yes, return nothing.

If it is in the camera mode, write the logic to handle the switch between the back and front camera mode by updating the state value of cameraType.

Then, on the Camera component add a prop type={cameraType}.

Define the state variable to determine whether the camera is ready to capture photos or not. Call it isCameraReady with a default value of boolean false. Then, add a method called onCameraReady to update its value. Also, add the prop onCameraReady={onCameraReady} on the Camera component.

export default function App() {
  const cameraRef = useRef();
  const [hasPermission, setHasPermission] = useState(null);
  const [cameraType, setCameraType] = useState(Camera.Constants.Type.back);
  const [isPreview, setIsPreview] = useState(false);
  const [isCameraReady, setIsCameraReady] = useState(false);

  useEffect(() => {
    onHandlePermission();
  }, []);

  const onHandlePermission = async () => {
    const { status } = await Camera.requestPermissionsAsync();
    setHasPermission(status === 'granted');
  };

  const onCameraReady = () => {
    setIsCameraReady(true);
  };

  const switchCamera = () => {
    if (isPreview) {
      return;
    }
    setCameraType(prevCameraType =>
      prevCameraType === Camera.Constants.Type.back
        ? Camera.Constants.Type.front
        : Camera.Constants.Type.back
    );
  };

  if (hasPermission === null) {
    return <View />;
  }
  if (hasPermission === false) {
    return <Text style={styles.text}>No access to camera</Text>;
  }

  return (
    <View style={styles.container}>
      <Camera
        ref={cameraRef}
        style={styles.container}
        type={cameraType}
        onCameraReady={onCameraReady}
      />
    </View>
  );
}

To allow the Camera to switch, add a custom icon button to switch between two different camera types. The icon is used from the MaterialIcons set from the @expo/vector-icons library.

After the Camera component in JSX code, add a View component that wraps the buttons such as switch camera types and capture a picture.

Inside the View component, create an icon button using TouchableOpacity. The onPress prop on this component is used to trigger an action. In this case, it is used to invoke the switchCamera method.

Add a disabled prop on TouchableOpacity that disables the button depending on the value of isCameraReady. If its value is false, then this button will not function.

<View style={styles.container}>
  <Camera
    ref={cameraRef}
    style={styles.container}
    type={cameraType}
    onCameraReady={onCameraReady}
  />
  <View style={styles.container}>
    {!isPreview && (
      <View style={styles.bottomButtonsContainer}>
        <TouchableOpacity disabled={!isCameraReady} onPress={switchCamera}>
          <MaterialIcons name="flip-camera-ios" size={28} color="white" />
        </TouchableOpacity>
      </View>
    )}
  </View>
</View>

Add the styles for the above code snippet:

const styles = StyleSheet.create({
  // ...
  bottomButtonsContainer: {
    position: 'absolute',
    flexDirection: 'row',
    bottom: 28,
    width: '100%',
    alignItems: 'center',
    justifyContent: 'center'
  }
});

Here is how the switch button is displayed:

ss3

Take a picture from the Camera and preview it

Camera API from the expo-camera library uses a method called takePictureAsync() to take a picture. It saves the photographed image in the app’s cache directory by default.

The method accepts a configuration object with different options such as quality, base64, skipProcessing, exif, and more. We will use two options:

These options are passed as properties in a JavaScript object. This object is then further passed as an argument to the takePictureAsync method.

Start by adding a new asynchronous method called onSnap. Start by checking the value of the cameraRef.current. If available, then the following logic defined in the code snippet below to take a picture will execute from this method.

Then, define an object called options with the following properties:

The takePictureAsync method, when invoked, returns a promise that resolves into an object. Store the value resolved in a variable called data. It contains the image data in form of the following properties:

Store the base64 data of the image in another variable called source.

Next, add an if condition to check if the source exists. If it exists, pause the camera mode and set the image preview mode to true to show the current picture after it is taken.

const onSnap = async () => {
  if (cameraRef.current) {
    const options = { quality: 0.7, base64: true };
    const data = await cameraRef.current.takePictureAsync(options);
    const source = data.base64;

    if (source) {
      await cameraRef.current.pausePreview();
      setIsPreview(true);
    }
  }
};

To go back from the image preview mode to camera mode, add a method called cancelPreview. When this method invokes, it resumes the camera mode.

const cancelPreview = async () => {
  await cameraRef.current.resumePreview();
  setIsPreview(false);
};

Add the onSnap method as an action on TouchableOpacity component as the value of onPress prop. This button is responsible for capturing an image and is wrapped by the View component when the image preview mode is false.

<View style={styles.container}>
  {!isPreview && (
    <View style={styles.bottomButtonsContainer}>
      <TouchableOpacity disabled={!isCameraReady} onPress={switchCamera}>
        <MaterialIcons name="flip-camera-ios" size={28} color="white" />
      </TouchableOpacity>
      <TouchableOpacity
        activeOpacity={0.7}
        disabled={!isCameraReady}
        onPress={onSnap}
        style={styles.capture}
      />
    </View>
  )}
</View>

Add the styles for the above code snippet:

const styles = StyleSheet.create({
  // ...
  capture: {
    backgroundColor: '#5A45FF',
    borderRadius: 5,
    height: CAPTURE_SIZE,
    width: CAPTURE_SIZE,
    borderRadius: Math.floor(CAPTURE_SIZE / 2),
    marginBottom: 28,
    marginHorizontal: 30
  }
});

Here is how the capture button is shown. It can now take pictures.

ss4

Add JSX code to trigger the cancelPreview method as an action on a TouchableOpacity component. It wraps an icon component from AntDesign. This is shown when the application is in image preview mode.

<View style={styles.container}>
  {isPreview && (
    <TouchableOpacity
      onPress={cancelPreview}
      style={styles.closeButton}
      activeOpacity={0.7}
    >
      <AntDesign name='close' size={32} color='#fff' />
    </TouchableOpacity>
  )}
  {!isPreview && (
    // ...
  )}
</View>

Add the styles for the above code snippet:

const styles = StyleSheet.create({
  // ...
  closeButton: {
    position: 'absolute',
    top: 35,
    right: 20,
    height: 50,
    width: 50,
    borderRadius: 25,
    justifyContent: 'center',
    alignItems: 'center',
    backgroundColor: '#5A45FF',
    opacity: 0.7
  }
});

After taking a picture, here is how the image preview mode is displayed:

ss5

Setup the Cloudinary service

Before starting with this section, make sure you have a Cloudinary account set up. If you already have an account, log in here.

After logging in, you will be welcomed by a dashboard screen similar to below:

ss6

To upload an image to their service, two things are required.

First, an apiUrl which is constructed of the following base URL:

'https://api.cloudinary.com/v1_1/<your-cloud-name>/image/upload'

The value for the placeholder <your-cloud-name> is the cloud name you entered when creating a new account or as shown in the dashboard screen.

The second parameter required is called upload_preset. It is created by following the steps below:

ss7

Upload an image to Cloudinary

To upload an image to the service, we need a few required presets. We will use JavaScript’s fetch API to send a POST request to the Cloudinary API URL. A service that allows uploading base64 images requires the image data to be appended by the data:image/jpg;base64, prefix.

The request also requires a data object which has the image data as the file and the value of the upload_preset.

Modify the onSnap method inside as shown below.

const onSnap = async () => {
  if (cameraRef.current) {
    const options = { quality: 0.7, base64: true };
    const data = await cameraRef.current.takePictureAsync(options);
    const source = data.base64;

    if (source) {
      await cameraRef.current.pausePreview();
      setIsPreview(true);

      let base64Img = `data:image/jpg;base64,${source}`;
      let apiUrl =
        'https://api.cloudinary.com/v1_1/<your-cloud-name>/image/upload';
      let data = {
        file: base64Img,
        upload_preset: '<your-upload-preset>'
      };

      fetch(apiUrl, {
        body: JSON.stringify(data),
        headers: {
          'content-type': 'application/json'
        },
        method: 'POST'
      })
        .then(async response => {
          let data = await response.json();
          if (data.secure_url) {
            alert('Upload successful');
          }
        })
        .catch(err => {
          alert('Cannot upload');
        });
    }
  }
};

Take a picture and when it is successfully uploaded to the Cloudinary service, an alert message like below is displayed:

ss8

Using Camera2 api for Android

Android devices have a new package called android.hardware.camera2 that provides an interface to an individual camera. It replaces the deprecated Camera class.

To use the latest package using expo-camera, add the following prop with a value of boolean true on the Camera component.

<Camera
  // ...
  useCamera2Api={true}
/>

Conclusion

In this post, we have successfully used Expo Camera to take a picture and then upload it to a real-time service like Cloudinary. To add image saving functionality check out the expo-media-library.

The source code is available at this Github repository.

I'm a software developer and a technical writer. On this blog, I write about my learnings in software development and technical writing.

Currently, working as a documentation lead at Expo.